Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

A security mechanism that requires two or more independent credentials to verify a user's identity, combining factors fr...

Privilege Escalation

An attack where a user gains elevated access to resources that are normally protected, beyond what their assigned permis...

IPS (Intrusion Prevention System)

A network security tool that monitors network traffic flows to detect and actively prevent identified threats in real ti...

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

A physical or logical subnet that separates an internal network from untrusted external networks, providing an additiona...

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

A symmetric block cipher algorithm adopted by the U.S. government as the standard for encrypting electronic data, replac...

Malware

Malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, encompassing a broad ca...

Ransomware

A type of malware that encrypts a victim's files or locks system access and demands a ransom payment (typically in crypt...

Phishing

A social engineering attack that uses fraudulent emails, text messages (smishing), or phone calls (vishing) to trick use...